Tropical Diseases

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width="22" height="30" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Note:</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> We recommend removing activated carbon from your filter when treating fish diseases.</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><IMG SRC="4dc161e0.gif" border=0 width="22" height="30" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"><IMG SRC="4e147470.gif" border=0 width="71" height="71" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="526" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#0099CC" BORDERCOLORDARK="#0000CC" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 ><NOBR><div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><IMG SRC="5470f0b0.gif" border=0 width="15" height="11" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> </B></FONT>Below is only intended as a guide, fish <U>may</U> show all or only some of the symptoms shown</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> <B>SYMPTOMS</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <B>POSSIBLE CAUSE</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Tiny whitespots on body and fins</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=4 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#whitespot" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Whitespot</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Swimming awkwardly with clamped fins</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Fish rub against hard objects</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Increased respiration or gasping at surface</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Tiny gold spots on body and fins</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#velvet" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Velvet</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Swimming awkwardly with clamped fins</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Fish rub against hard objects</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> Yellowish haze consisting of tiny spots appears on the body</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Increased respiration or gasping at surface</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Fins look rotted and/or frayed</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=2 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#finrot" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Finrot</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Streaks of blood in fins</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Lumps or sores on body </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=4 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#tuberculosis" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Tuberculosis</U></A></div> <div> Mainly affects members of the carp family</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Erratic swimming</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Cotton wool like growths </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Fish becomes thin (emaciated) </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> White lumps or boils on the body</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#nodular_disease" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Nodular disease</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Cotton wool like growths</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#fungus" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Fungus</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Lips or front of head eaten away</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=4 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#columnaris" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Columnaris</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Frayed fins</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Ulcerated body</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> White film covering on the skin</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Uneven Swimming </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=2><NOBR><div> <A HREF="#swimbladder_disease" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Swimbladder disease</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Erratic swimming</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Fish rub against hard objects</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=2 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#chilodonea" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Chilodonea</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Skin swollen or falling away</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Visible worms or lice on body</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=4><NOBR><div> <A HREF="#external_parasites" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>External parasites</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Inflamed or opaque skin</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Fish rub against hard objects</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Increased respiration or gasping at surface</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> White patches under the skin beneath the dorsal fin </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=3 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#neon_disease" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Neon disease</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Fish becomes thin (emaciated) </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Erratic swimming</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Small holes appear on the head</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=3 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#hole_in_the_head" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Hole in the head</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Uneven Swimming </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Fish becomes thin (emaciated) </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Protruding eyes</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#pop_eye" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Pop-eye</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Scales producing a pine cone effect</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#dropsy" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Dropsy</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Protruding eyes (sometimes)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Sunken eyes (sometimes)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Cloudy eye (sometimes)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Uneven Swimming</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="372"><div> Reddish patches appear on the skin</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#septicaemia" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Septicaemia</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> Your new fish have died - there are no obvious signs of illness </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id43.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Test Kits"><U>New Tank Syndrome</U></A> </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="510"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="510" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="372"><div> Excessive mucus secretion</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH="135"><div> <A HREF="#acidosis" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Acidosis</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="372"><div> Gill erosion (sometimes)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="372"><div> Gasping at surface</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="372"><div> Attempting to jump out of tank</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="372"><div> Inflamed gills</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="510"><div> More diseases and more pictures coming soon</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <div> <I><B>Whitespot</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="whitespot"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B><IMG SRC="4bf7a3c0.gif" border=0 width="122" height="60" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="506964a0.png" border=0 width="150" height="74" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Business Edition Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></I><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>Severe whitespot  left untreated</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Fish may rub against hard objects and swim with clamped fins. Small white spots (1-2mm), initially seen on the fins but eventually visible all over the body including the gills, are characteristic of this parasite.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> All aquarium fish are suspectable.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Caused by the parasite <I>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</I>. The parasite has a simple life cycle lasting just over 3 weeks. Highly mobile free swimming larvae must find a host fish within 48 hours of hatching before they die. Once on a host, they penetrate the skin and feed on the underlying tissue and body fluids. It is at this stage they appear as white spots on the fish. They can remain on the host and grow for up to 20 days. Growth ceases at temperatures below 50°F and is fatal to the parasite above 84°F. However, growth is most rapid at tropical temperatures and the cyst is highly infectious.</div> <div> Once mature, the <I>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</I> parasites fall from the fish and attach themselves to any solid object. Here, they encase themselves in a protective membrane and begin to multiply by division. After around 18 hours, the membrane opens releasing up to 1000 new larvae and so the cycle begins again.</div> <div> Fish are especially prone to white spot if transported for some time and exposed to a prolonged temperature drop. Similarly, aquariums placed near windows or doors may be subject to drafts that can initiate the parasite.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Sometimes raising the temperature can stall the disease but may prove too stressful for some fish. The best cure is to attack the parasite in the free swimming stage with a commercial chemical remedy containing Malachite green. Treatment should continue for up to 2 weeks after all visible signs of the parasite have gone as the parasite may still be present in the substrate in their "gestation" stage or may just be emerging from the fish. Read the instructions on chemical treatments carefully as some treatments are not suitable for small scaled or scaleless fish such as elephant fish or loaches.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Velvet</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="velvet"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><IMG SRC="504645c0.png" border=0 width="100" height="92" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Business Edition Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></FONT></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Fish rub against hard objects. A yellowish-gray film consisting of tiny spots appears on the fish's body. The fish may also show signs of increased respiration and loss of appetite.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> All aquarium fish are vulnerable particularly fry.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Caused by the parasite <I>Oodinium pillularis</I>. This parasite follows a similar life cycle to White Spot (Ich). The parasites attach themselves to a host fish where they feed and grow. As they mature, the parasite falls from the fish and develops into cysts encased in a membrane on the substrate. Here the cyst divides forming 64 new cells within 4 days where upon the membrane bursts freeing the cells into the aquarium to find a new host. If the cells fail to fin a host within 24 hours, the cell dies.</div> <div> Velvet usually only arises when poor aquarium conditions prevail and is highly infectious.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Increasing the temperature to 82°F and application of a commercial chemical treatment containing copper is most effective. Dimming the aquarium lighting and subjecting the affected fish to a strong (3%) salt bath also aids recovery.( ensure you have no fish in your aquarium that can't tolerate salt )  It is worth treating for up to two weeks after all signs of velvet are removed from the aquarium to ensure that mature parasites have been discharged from the fish and developing cysts are eradicated from the substrate.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Finrot</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="finrot"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B><IMG SRC="50a85660.png" border=0 width="133" height="102" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Business Edition Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="50e7d560.png" border=0 width="125" height="86" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Business Edition Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> </B></I><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>Both severe cases</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Initially the fins appear opaque. In the later stages of the disease, the fins begin to disintegrate completely, often with red or white edges. Secondary Fungal infections often occur.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> All tropical aquarium fish can be affected but fish with long or trailing fins such as Bettas or Angel fish are particularly susceptible.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Bacterial infection caused by <I>Aeromonas </I> and/or <I>Pseudomonas</I>  bacteria often precipitated by poor water quality, low water temperatures, or a combination of both.</div> <div> The disease is caused by the bacteria <I>Aeromonas hydrophilia</I>, <I>Pseudomonas fluorescens</I> and <I>Vibrio anguillarium</I>. The bacteria normally only takes hold when poor environmental factors exist. Infected fish usually die when the fin disintegration reaches the body.</div> <div> Fins damaged by fin nipping are also prone to bacterial infection and similar symptoms often emerge. Bacterial infections can cause a wide range of symptoms including lumps, spots and fungus. Often,  bacterial infections sufficiently weaken the infected fish to the extent that viruses, and parasites take hold. </div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Initially environmental factors should be corrected. Check the water quality and rectify as appropriate. Then administer the appropriate anti bacterial medication. Raising the water temperature 1 or 2 degrees often helps as does the addition of salt to the water.</div> <div> The success rate for treating Fin Rot is good providing the illness is caught early and water conditions are kept optimal. Left untreated this infection can be deadly. Early treatment is essential! Once treated, fin tissue lost to this illness will grow back providing the fin rays and/or fin bases have not been damaged.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Tuberculosis</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="tuberculosis"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Any of the following symptoms may indicate Fish Tuberculosis; Abnormal swimming, loss of colour, lumps or sores on the body or lack of appetite.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> Fish Tuberculosis can affect all aquarium fish particularly Gouramis, Tetras and Cyprinids.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Often the bacteria that is responsible for fish TB is present but causes no ill effects. Only when fish are weakened or poor environmental factors prevail do fish become affected. In this instance the disease can spread rapidly eradicating the entire aquarium</div> <div> The bacteria, <I>Mycobacterium sp.</I>, can affect humans. It is important not to swallow aquarium water when siphoning from the tank and to wash your hands after maintaining the aquarium.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Good tank maintenance will help prevent initial infection however, once the disease takes hold  the only recourse is to humanly dispose of the infected fish. Infected fish should be removed from the aquarium immediately as the bacteria is quickly spread by cannibalism.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Nodular disease</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="nodular_disease"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> White lumps or boils appear anywhere on the body.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> Mainly confined to Carp but can affect a variety of aquarium fish particularly Cichlids.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Caused by Sporozoans, single celled spores that can multiply and spread rapidly. The spore's life cycle usually begins by ingestion to the intestinal tract by the fish. Here the spores infest the bloodstream penetrating internal organs before forming visible cysts and boils on the fish's body. When these boils rupture, millions of spores are released and so the cycle begins.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Unfortunately chemical remedies are frequently ineffective and the only recourse is removal and humane disposal of the infected fish.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Fungus</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="fungus"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B><IMG SRC="4bd8e480.jpg" border=0 width="142" height="72" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Cotton wool like fungus growths occurring anywhere on the fish.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> Fish fungus, <I>Saprolegnia sp.</I> and <I>Achlya sp.</I>, can affect all fish.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Fungi spores are naturally present in water. The fungi, like their land relations, are actually plants that grow and thrive on dead organic matter. Thus only damaged fish are susceptible and healthy fish will resist infection. Usually a graze or wound will attract fungus however sometimes a wound is due to infection by another parasite such as worms or flukes. In this instance both the fungus and the primary cause of infection must be treated. If left to develop, fungus will kill the fish.</div> <div> Fungus is most often seen growing on infertile eggs. Infected eggs should be removed to prevent contamination of healthy eggs. In a breeding tank, anti fungul remedies are usually added  to inhibit fungal growth on infertile eggs.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> There are lots of effective remedies available to treat fungus.  Good water conditions and a slight raise in temperature also suppresses attack.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Columnaris</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="columnaris"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B><IMG SRC="4db76450.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="69" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="4f744440.jpg" border=0 width="68" height="68" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> A white film covers the body, mainly on the head but also on the fins and gills. The body of the fish becomes ulcerated and the fins frayed. In the latter stages of infection parts of the lips and head may become eaten away.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> Columnaris affects many tropical fish primarily Live-bearers.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Columnaris or cotton wool disease, is caused by the bacteria <I>Flexibactor columnaris</I>. It is highly contagious and can spread rapidly via contaminated nets and other aquarium equipment. The bacteria can can enter the fish through any small grazes or wounds where upon the signs of infection detailed above develop.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Treatment must be administered quickly as fish usually die within 24 hours. Some anti-bacterial medications can be effective and again the addition of salt to the water may be beneficial. Aquarium equipment should be disinfected using the same medication. The best cure is prevention - maintain a clean environment for your fish.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Swimbladder disease</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="swimbladder_disease"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> The fish will swim awkwardly and be unable to maintain balance. Additionally, the fish may sink to the bottom of the aquarium unable to rise without great effort or remain on its side at the surface.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> All aquarium fish are vulnerable, but coldwater fish ( fancy goldfish ) seem more susceptible.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Normally behaviour is the symptom of another disease otherwise a failing of the swimbladder is the cause. look for a secondary infection.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Interpet swimmbladder treatment is effective, a mild salt bath or feeding of live foods may relieve the problem. Feeding live or frozen foods  help as they can remove any blockages in the fishes system which may be aggravating the problem. The condition is not contagious.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Chilodonea</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="chilodonea"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> A whitish film covers the skin primarily around the head and dorsal fin. If the film covers the gills, the fish's respiration rate may be increased. Affected fish also rub on hard objects such as rocks or the substrate. In the latter stages of the disease the skin will appear swollen and begin to fall away and the fish may have difficulty swimming.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> Chilodonella, <I>Chilodonella cyprini</I>, is widespread and affects all tropical aquarium fish particularly if injured.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> The film is caused by a single cell parasite covered in hairs which enable it to swim. The parasite initially attacks injured fish but in crowded aquariums will host on healthy fish slowly debilitating its host. Dead fish must be removed quickly as the cell leaves the body within two hours.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Commercial chemical remedies are available but an equally successful treatment is a strong (3%) salt dip. Keep the fish in the salt dip until they roll over then transfer them back to the aquarium. A less stressful alternative to this is a 1% salt solution for around 10 minutes then return the fish to a clean, preferably warm (82-86°F) aquarium. One must remember that the parasites may remain free swimming in the infected aquarium and these must be dealt with to prevent reinfection. The parasites will die if left in a fish free aquarium for 5 days at 86°F.</div> <div> Also ensure that good water quality exists and the water is well oxygenated.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>External parasites</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="external_parasites"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B><IMG SRC="4ba8e4b0.jpg" border=0 width="142" height="75" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="4bc434b0.jpg" border=0 width="67" height="75" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Worms up to 20mm long, 1-2mm wide clinging to the fish's body. Tiny lice attached to the fishes body or fins.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> Anchor worms (<I>Lernaea sp</I>.) and fish lice(Argulas sp.) usually only affect pond or outdoor fish such as Goldfish and Carp however, Minnows and some Cichlids may also be affected. </div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> The Anchor worm's life-cycle begins with larvae hatching from eggs in the water. The larvae is free swimming until it finds a suitable host where upon it attaches itself to the gills. Here, the larvae mature and breed after which the males stop becoming parasitic and leave the fish. It is the females that reattach themselves to the host and develop into the worm-like parasites which can be seen clinging to the fish's body.</div> <div> It is in the spring when the females lay their eggs after which they either die or produce subsequent broods. As the females die, they leave openings on the hosts skin which often allows a secondary fatal infection to enter. Fish lice ( Argulus sp.) are a kind of crustacean which are capable of swimming from fish to fish. They appears as a very flat, round, translucent louse. It punctures the fish's skin with a poisonous proboscis spine as it holds fast to the fish with its suckers. </div> <div> The female louse will lay her eggs on the tank bottom or on tank decorations in straight lines where she coats them with a jelly-like substance. There they stay until they are ready to hatch.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Adult worms and lice can sometimes be physically removed individually but this is a very stressful process. Often the most effective treatment is a salt dip or commercial chemical remedy. To fully eradicate the anchor worm parasite one must remember to attack both the adult and the free swimming larvae to prevent reinfection.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Neon disease</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="neon_disease"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B><IMG SRC="4f956410.jpg" border=0 width="86" height="65" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Similar to False Neon Disease. Pale white patches appear under the skin beneath the dorsal fin. The fish also becomes emaciated and may swim erratically.</div> <div> When symptoms show, suspect False Neon Disease as an alternative.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> Primarily Characins. Originally found in Neon Tetras hence the name but also prolific with Cyprinids such as the Danios.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Unlike False Neon Disease, Neon Disease is caused by a parasitic single called organism called <I>Pleistophora hyphessobryconis</I>. The cell, releases millions of spores in to the water during reproduction. The spores are consumed with food by the fish where they then entre the intestine. The spores grow and replace the muscle fibres weakening the fish. If an infected fish becomes wounded or dies, the spores can escape and infect a new host.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Commercial remedies are usually ineffective as by the time diagnosis is confirmed the fish is too weak to be saved. Infected fish should therefore be removed immediately to prevent further infestation. The problem occurs when attempting to rid the tank of free swimming spores.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Hole in the head</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="hole_in_the_head"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B><IMG SRC="52a4e540.png" border=0 width="78" height="84" ALT="Adobe PhotoDeluxe Business Edition Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Initially small holes appear on the head with a tiny white parasite protruding. In the later stages the holes become larger as the skin is eaten away. The fish may also show more intense colour, swim unevenly and show signs of malnutrition.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> Most common in Discus but also seen in Angelfish and some Gouramis.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> <I>Spironucles sp.</I> and <I>Hexamita sp.</I> are the parasites to blame for this disease. Out breaks are more prolific in crowed aquariums.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Specific anti parasitic medication is available to treat Hole-in-the-head also known as Hexamita. Your veterinary surgeon can also prescribe a medication which is taken with food to tackle the parasite. The chosen medication of Jack Wattley (famed discus breeder) is Mentronidazole, trade name "Flagyl". He suggests one treatment a day for four days.</div> <div> It is important to perform a large 30-40% water change before treatment and if possible raise the temperature to 92°F. It is advisable to remove plants as they will wither at such temperatures.</div> <div> Early treatment is important as the holes that the parasite create often leave the fish open to a secondary infection.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Pop-eye</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="pop_eye"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> One or both eyes protruding abnormally.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> All aquarium fish are vulnerable.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Numerous infestations including fish tuberculosis, dropsy, and bacterial infections can cause pop-eye. Look for other signs of infection.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Dependant on the cause, anti-bacterial or anti-parasitic chemicals may be effective.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Dropsy</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="dropsy"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I><I><B><IMG SRC="4b796750.jpg" border=0 width="150" height="117" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Sunken or protuding eyes and a characteristic pine cone appearance caused by the scales sticking out from a swollen body.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> All tropical aquarium fish can be affected particularly gouramis and Live-bearers.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Dropsy or Ascites as it is scientifically known is caused by a bacterial infection usually brought about by environmental factors.</div> <div> Due to damaged heart and blood vessels, the body swells as fluid builds up in the abdomen and behind the eyes. This causes the scales to protrude like a pine cone. Sometimes scales will fall away and ulcers may appear.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Commercial treatments are available and can be successful if used early. In my experience, by the time the disease is diagnosed, too much damage has been done to the internal organs of the fish for it to be saved. Treatment is always better carried out in a seperate hospital tank.</div> <div> A preventative course of medication is often wise as other fish may be infected but may not yet show signs of the disease. In any case, address any poor water quality or filter maintenance issues.</div> <div> Dead fish should be removed from the aquarium quickly to prevent transmission of the infection via cannibalism.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Septicaemia</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="septicaemia"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs Of Infection</B></div> <div> Reddish patches appear on the skin anywhere on the body.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> All aquarium fish are suspectable.</div> <div> <B>Details Of Infection</B></div> <div> Caused by a bacterial infection manifesting in weakened fish. The infection spreads quickly and fish do not survive long.</div> <div> The bacteria usually occurs when poor environmental conditions prevail.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> Frequent water changes usually prevent the disease, however outbreaks can be controlled by application of a commercial anti-bacterial remedy even when infection appears advanced.</div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Acidosis</B></I><I><B> <A NAME="acidosis"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <div> <B>Signs & symptoms</B></div> <div> Excessive mucus secretion, fish looking slimy. Gasping for breath or lethargic. Jumping and darting attempting to jump from tank. Gills looking red or eroded.</div> <div> <B>Fish Affected</B></div> <div> All aquarium fish are suspectable.</div> <div> <B>Details </B></div> <div> Caused by p.H dropping in aquarium. The acidity of the water burns the fish, this is more severe in fish that would normally prefer very alkaline conditions.</div> <div> <B>Treatment</B></div> <div> A 30% water change will help if you are using treated tap water, but test it first anyway. You will  then need a buffering agent such as P.H up. Keep a close eye on your fish for the next week or so to make sure the shock hasn't made them more susceptible to other infectons.</div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5470f0b0.gif" border=0 width="15" height="11" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000CC" FACE="Arial" ><B>You have to remember that most diseases are constantly present in the aquarium (definitely whitespot) regardless of what you do to keep it clean, but your fish are able to fend off infection if they are happy (stress free). </B></FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>The following signs may seem a lot to watch for,  but if you familiarize yourself with your fish, diagnosing a problem or disease will soon become second nature to you.</B></I></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5340e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Clamped fins (fins are held abnormally close to body) </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5350e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">There are visible spots, lesions, or white patches on the fish. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5360e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The fish floats, sinks, whirls, or swims sideways. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5320e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A normally active fish is still. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5330e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A normally still fish is very active. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5330e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The fish is scratching against tank decorations and rocks.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5360e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The fish's tail or dorsal fins appear frayed at the edges or are breaking off.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5360e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Red streaks either running through the fish's fins or at the base of the fins.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5330e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The fish gasps at the surface of the water or you may notice rapid gill movement or has difficulty breathing.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5330e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Gills that are puffy or swollen and the gill tissue is bright red or even a grayish color. (Gill covers normally lay flat and the gill tissue is        normally a nice pinkish color)</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="53e0e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The fish suddenly bloats up and it's not due to eggs or holding fry.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="53f0e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">If the scales on the fish begin to protrude taking on the appearance of resembling a pine cone. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5320e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The f</B><B>ish all of a sudden takes on the appearance of being deformed (bent spine).</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5320e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The fish refuses its usual food for more than 2 days.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5320e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Shaking of the head. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5320e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Lying near the water surface. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5320e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Shimmying (body rocking). </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5320e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Cloudy eyes. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5320e0e0.gif" border=0 width="14" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Slimy skin / red skin inflammations.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5470f0b0.gif" border=0 width="15" height="11" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000CC" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Always test the water before using any medicine-</B></I></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="5470f0b0.gif" border=0 width="15" height="11" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000CC" FACE="Arial" ><B>P.H drops, ammonia poisoning & a raise in nitrites can be resposible for most of the above symptoms.</B></FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="4c153030.gif" border=0 width="339" height="259" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="#top" TITLE=" Tropical Diseases"><U>Back to top</U></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="245" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#000000 HEIGHT= 56 ><NOBR><div> <I>Who hears the fish when they cry?</I></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <I>- </I>Henry David Thoreau</div> <div> 1849</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>